General Anatomy

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Explain the basic predisposition of the anatomical structures and demonstrate the relationship of the superficial and deep structures of the body including the vital structures with an additional comprehension on the applied anatomical aspects of the structures.
• CO 2 – Explain the process of development of human embryo and histologic structures of different parts of body system emphasizing the development and developmental anomalies of oral, dental and maxillofacial structures including head and neck region.
• CO 3 – Identify and demonstrate the different parts of bones of head and neck, movements of joints of head and neck, state the gross features and attachments of skull bones including base of skull and cervical vertebrae.

Skills:

• CO 4 – Identify the relationship of blood vessels, nerves and muscles of the human body and correlate, appreciate it to other subjects taught in BDS course
• CO 5 – Define the terms related to embryology and to identify the different types of tissue on slide under microscope and correlate the important clinical conditions associated with structures in head and neck

Attitude:

• CO 6 – Apply the insight obtained in the subject to the best interest of the patient and welfare of mankind
• CO 7 – Appreciate the needs of the community and to create awareness in general public for a healthy living

Dental Anatomy & Oral Histology

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Outline the characteristics of human dentition, identify different types of dentition and the characteristic differences between each of them.
• CO 2 – Describe the development of maxilla, mandible, palate, tongue, lips and to state the congenital defects during their formation
• CO 3 – Describe the historical evolution of teeth of living beings.
• CO 4 – Describe the stages of tooth development, layers of teeth, salivary glands and mucosal structures of oral cavity.
• CO 5 – Describe the mechanism and pattern of tooth shedding and tooth eruption and its clinical significance

Skills:

• CO 6 – Demonstrate the physiological process of tooth development
• CO 7 – Identify any tooth by its morphology, the types of dentition and describe chronology of development of teeth
• CO 8 – Apply the dental formula and notation and carve human teeth in wax blocks

Attitude:

• CO 9 – Reveal knowledge and understanding about the basics of teeth and dentition and apply it to create a healthy oral environment for the patients.

Physiology

Knowledge and understanding:

• CO 1 – Describe the physiology of human organs and functions, so that the changes occur in pathological conditions can be dealt in a better way.
• CO 2 – Delineate the importance of homeostasis and equilibrium of the human body after studying physiology
• CO 3 – Comprehend the role of Exocrine and Endocrine hormones, in maintaining the integrity and proper functioning of human body.

Skills:

• CO 4 – Illustrate the parts of microscope and the skills in using it
• CO 5 – Record respiratory rate, heart rate, radial pulse and body temperature and able to describe the physiology and regulation of the same.
• CO 6 – Demonstrate skill in collection of blood sample and in blood grouping
• CO 7 – Determine the bleeding time, clotting time, ESR and in differential counting of WBC.

Attitude:

• CO 8 – Demonstrate knowledge of laboratory diagnosis can serve the needy population to attain a healthy environment and nation.

Biochemistry

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Demonstrate basic knowledge and understanding on major biomolecules, forming the structure of human body, their functions and role in health and disease
• CO 2 – Explain the role of enzymes in the diagnosis of disease and metabolic functions of the human body
• CO 3 – Discuss the fundamental chemical principles involved in body mechanism upon which life process depends
• CO 4 – Describe the importance of micronutrients in maintaining the healthy state of human body

Skills:

• CO 5 – Demonstrate skills in performing and interpreting common biochemistry laboratory tests
• CO 6 – Apply the knowledge and understanding of biochemistry in medicine and surgery
• CO 7 – Estimate glucose, abnormal constituents of urine which will help to diagnose
  diabetes mellitus, renal, liver and thyroid functions
• CO 8 – Interpret the result of serum urea, creatinine, total protein, bilirubin
• CO 9 – Distinguish between the normal and abnormal data derived as a result of tests which she/he has performed in the laboratory.

Attitude:

• CO 10 – Showcase a sound knowledge on the biochemical basis of health and disease.

Microbiology

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Delineate the various branches of microbiology.
• CO 2 – Describe the various methods of sterilisation and disinfection.
• CO 3 – Explain the etiological agent, morphology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures of infections with special focus on dental infections.
• CO 4 – Describe the procedures involved in the management of biomedical waste by proper and safe methods.

Skills:

• CO 5 – Carry out aseptic procedures, sterilisation and disinfection of the equipment in the dental clinics.
• CO 6 – Identify and differentiate the medically important micro-organisms from the collected clinical samples.
• CO 7 – Demonstrate skill for safe disposal of biomedical waste.

Attitude:

• CO 8 – Prescribe the right choice of broad-spectrum antibiotic preventing the emergence of multidrug resistant infections among the community.
• CO 9 – Inclination to update their knowledge on proper and safe disposal of biomedical waste management.

General Pathology

Knowledge and understanding:

• CO 1 – Explain the history of pathology and significant contributions of scientists in the subject.
• CO 2 – Describe the pathogenesis of diseases in molecular levels helps in clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment.
• CO 3 – Explain the basic concepts of inflammation, oedema, necrosis, tumours and thromboembolic disorders.

Skills:

• CO 4 – Identify and differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in head and neck regions.
• CO 5 – Identify the acute, chronic and granulomatous inflammation.
• CO 6 – Interpret the clinical pathological specimen in haematological and urinary analysis.
• CO 7 – Demonstrate skill in sending the biopsy specimen to the laboratory and cytology.
• CO 8 – Demonstrate skills in educating public with the knowledge of wound healing in tooth extractions and in other lesions.

Attitude:

• CO 9 – Willing to update knowledge and experience in the diagnostics for the best interest of patient and community.

Pharmacology

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Describe the enteral and parenteral administrations with models and their advantages and disadvantages.
• CO 2 – Explain the pathophysiology of diseases and pharmacotherapy for treating ailments.
• CO 3 – Justify the use of various drugs in the interest and welfare of the people as individuals and community as a whole.
• CO 4 – Describe the procedures involved in the management of emergencies in dental office and prescribing apt antimicrobials for oral infections.

Skills:

• CO 5 – Write a rational prescription executing therapeutic decision making.
• CO 6 – Prescribe drugs with the idea of interactions with other drugs and in special conditions like pregnancy, Lactation.

Attitude:

• CO 7 – Develop a positive attitude in treating patients by judicious use of medicines, to avoid emergence of drug resistance.

Dental Materials

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Describe the physical, chemical, biological and mechanical properties of materials used in dentistry and issues relating to biocompatibility of materials.
• CO 2 -Describe the composition, proper handling and manipulation of materials, including cements, amalgams and their toxic and side effects when it is used in the patients’s mouth.
• CO 3 – Delineate the classification and principles of cutting of polishing materials
• CO 4 – Reveal awareness about cast partial dentures, cast gold restorations and denture base materials
• CO 5 – Describe the process of soldering and welding of materials and the used of various forms of stainless steel.

Skills:

• CO 6 – Identify and select the appropriate materials and instruments to be used in dentistry
• CO 7 – Manipulate different types of cements, gypsum products and amalgam products
• CO 8 – Manipulate dental materials and acrylic resin without loss of properties
• CO 9 – Search of better and interesting materials which would answer the demands better to provide the best of treatment for patients.

Attitude:

• CO 10 – Able to apply all the basic principles of dental materials in providing state of the art treatment to the patients and demonstrate excellent competence in delivering the necessary treatment to the needy.
• CO 11 – Follow professional ethics and be ready to serve the patients with empathy and compassion in scientific manner.

Preclinical Conservative Dentistry

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Explain treatment procedures carried out in conservative dentistry
• CO 2 – Describe the composition and properties of restorative materials
• CO 3 – List the dentin bonding agents and their mechanism of adhesion
• CO 4 – Describe the pit and fissure sealants

Skills:

• CO 5 – Prepare different types of cavities in plaster models and simulation phantom heads.
• CO 6 – Identify different types of restorative materials like composites, zinc oxide eugenol and zinc phosphate
• CO 7 – Demonstrate skills in manipulation of light cured composite resins
• CO 8 – Demonstrate skills in manipulation of calcium hydroxide

Attitude:

• CO 9 – Apply the currents concepts and knowledge of various materials used in dentistry in the interest of the patient and community in general.
• CO 10 – Inclination to update knowledge on the latest innovations and technological inventions which could be judiciously used for the welfare of the patients and improving the quality of life of the community as a whole.

Preclinical Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Explain the structure and functions of teeth, jaws and its physiological importance in the physical and social well being of a patient
• CO 2 – Describe teeth occlusion and abnormalities in occlusion
• CO 3 – Describe the ill- effects following discrepancies in occlusion due to improper fabrication of dentures
• CO 4 – Demonstrate understanding about the properties, composition of elastomeric impression materials
• CO 5 – Describe the importance, properties of the important base metals used in dentistry

Skills:

• CO 6 – Apply the fabrication of removal partial dentures, fixed partial dentures, preparing wax pattern and casting procedures
• CO 7 – Manipulate of base plate wax to make a special tray/temporary base
• CO 8 – Apply techniques to construct denture base using acrylic resin and repair of fractured denture

Attitude:

• CO 9 – Willing apply the current knowledge of dentistry in the best interest of the patient and community
• CO 10 – Maintain a high standard of professional ethics in all aspects of professional life

General Medicine

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Explain the various manifestations of common diseases pertinent to the various systems of the human body
• CO 2 – Describe basic principles of history taking and clinical examination knowledge
• CO 3 – Correlate the clinical symptoms and physical signs to make a provisional diagnosis of common diseases and suggest relevant investigation
• CO 4 – Explain the various pathologies occurring in each system, method of identification, choosing of suitable diagnostic methods and prescribing medications.
• CO 5 – Describe about the various diseases based on clinical observation and writing prescriptions.

Skills:

• CO 6 – Elicit required history from the patient with all relevant information which is the baseline to diagnosis through effective communication and regular follow up
• CO 7 – Record arterial pulse, blood pressure, temperature and respiration and perform CPR, interpret haematological report, X ray chest, ECG and CT scan
• CO 8 – Demonstrate skill in performing intramuscular and intravenous injections

Attitude:

• CO 9 – Willingness to apply the current knowledge of dentistry in the best interest of the community and people.
• CO 10 – Seek to improve the general physical, social and mental well being of the people of the society and making them as productive human resources in building a healthy nation.

General surgery

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Discuss the common surgical conditions of head and neck
• CO 2 – Explain the appropriate radiological and haematological investigations
• CO 3 – Describe the various benign and malignant lesions of head and neck region.
• CO 4 – Describe standard methods of diagnosis of swelling, ulcers, sinuses and fistulas, examination of lymph nodes and Temporomandibular joint.
• CO 5 – Describe the importance of proper inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.
• CO 6 – Explain the basic surgical principles

Skills:

• CO 7 – Perform proper general, local and systemic examination and importance of first aid.
• CO 8 – Identify and interpret investigational results of common surgical problems
• CO 9 – Perform minor surgical procedures like abscess drainage, taking biopsy

Attitude:

• CO 10 – Seek to improve the general physical, social and mental well being of the people of the society and making them as productive human resources in building a healthy nation

Oral pathology and microbiology

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1 – Explain the basic mechanism of different types of diseases that involves the orofacial tissues, which includes developmental abnormalities, metabolic disorders, haematological disorders, bone diseases, salivary gland, odontogenic tumors and cysts, space infections, microbiological diseases and syndromes occurring in the head and neck region.
• CO 2 – Describe the histopathological features of all diseases in head and neck region.
• CO 3 – Describe the use of oral histopathology, FNAC, cytological examination, frozen section and immunohistochemistry and other specialized investigations which also includes forensic odontology

Skills:

• CO 4 – Identify diseases based on the histological features as observed in the microscope with the correlation of the clinical features, radiographic features, and carrying out the special investigations and stains to give out the final diagnosis
• CO 5 – Apply forensic odontology knowledge in identification of an individual as in case of civil and natural disaster purposes

Attitude:

• Willingness to apply the current knowledge of pathology in the best interest of the patient diseases, prognosis and survival outcome
• Create a motivation in the people’s mind about the necessity to seek treatment immediately for diseases of the head and neck some of which will be fatal, if not treated at an earliest

Public Health Dentistry:

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1. Explain the aspects of public health and primary healthcare delivery in the community.
• CO 2. Describe the epidemiological methods involved in dental research.

Skills:

• CO 3. Plan and conduct field surveys effectively.
• CO 4. Address oral and dental problems with preventive measures at all levels
• CO 5. Educate the community about oral health and act as a social worker.
• CO 6. Provide instruction on oral hygiene practices and use of oral health products.
• CO 7. Evaluate oral health using scientific indices and understand the role of fluoride in dentistry.
• CO 8. Apply the epidemiological methods and design simple dental research.

Attitudes:

• CO 9. Apply knowledge to benefit the community while following professional ethics.
• CO 10. Develop an attitude to enhance knowledge about scientific innovations for effective patient service.
• CO 11. Participate in CDE programs, workshops, and government programs to promote oral health awareness.

Oral Medicine and Radiology

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1. Delineate various benign and malignant tumours, their molecular pathogenesis, signs , symptoms, diagnostic aids and various modes of treatment of head and neck region.
• CO 2. Discuss the identification and differentiation between traumatic and various reactive lesions occurring in oral cavity and about various salivary gland diseases.
• CO 3. Explain X rays, techniques used in diagnosis and various effects of radiotherapy in oral cavity
• CO 4. Describe common viral and bacterial diseases of salivary glands with knowledge on xerostomia

Skills:

• CO 5. Differentiate and manage dental, non-dental pain, differentiate dental, musculoskeletal, neuralgic and sinus pain with improved
• CO 6. Demonstrate skill in performance of vital staining techniques, various chairside investigations, prescribe medications for various pre malignant lesions with follow up.
• CO 7 . Take intraoral periapical radiographs, OPGs and interpret it

Attitude:

• CO 8. Willing to apply the current knowledge of dentistry in the best interest of the patients in the community.
• CO 9. Maintain high standard of professional ethics and conduct and apply these in all aspects of professional life to improve awareness about oral cancer and provide possible solutions to improve the quality of life of the people.

Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1. Correlate the theoretical knowledge and clinical principles while diagnosing and treatment planning
• CO 2. Describe the properties and manipulation of various restorative materials
• CO 3. Describe the conservative procedures to preserve sound tooth structure and restore form and function

Skills:

• CO 4. Perform restorative procedures, mindful of the long term survival of the tooth maintaining oral harmony.
• CO 5. Practice Minimally Invasive Dentistry (MID) and Evidence Based Dentistry (EBD) with scientific understanding and thought.

Attitude:

• CO 6. Seek to improve awareness and provide possible ethical solutions for oral health problems and needs throughout the community
• CO 7. Willingness to participate in continuing education programmes to update knowledge and professional skills from time and time

Periodontology

Knowledge and understanding:

• CO 1. Describe the basic tissues of the periodontium and it’s importance in preserving the integrity of the tooth
• CO 2. Explain the periodontal diagnosis and treatment protocol to perform periodontal surgical procedures and to attain prognosis of various periodontal diseases.
• CO 3. Correlate the interrelationship between the periodontal disease and various systemic disease
• CO 4. Illustrate implant placement and the periodontal aspects of dental implants

Skills:

• CO 5. Apply the basic principles of periodontal instrumentation to list and identify the instruments.
• CO 6. Apply the knowledge and understanding of prevention of periodontal diseases

Attitude:

• CO 7. Develop an attitude to enhance the knowledge about scientific innovations in the subject which will help to serve patients in an effective manner
• CO 8. Participate in many CDE programs, seminars and workshops which would play a pivotal role in developing new ideas and would promote a healthy discussion about latest treatment modalities that can be implemented in the patient.
• CO 9. Cultivate active participation in government programs aimed at creating knowledge to the general public about oral health.

Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1. Recognise the relationship of human teeth and jaws in dentulous conditions, anatomy and physiology of complete and partially edentulous conditions.
• CO 2. Describe the theories and clinical techniques in impression making, construction of removable dentures, concepts of natural and artificial occlusion, as well as TMJ movements.
• CO 3. Demonstrate the basic principles of tooth preparation for construction of crowns and dental materials

Skills:

• CO 4. Apply skills to treat completely edentulous and partial edentulous patients.
• CO 5. Identify occlusal discrepancies and correct it appropriately.
• CO 6. Perform various impression techniques and be sensitive about the aesthetic and functional needs of the patient.

Attitude:

• CO 7. Able to prepare tooth for fixed partial dentures fulfilling and demands of the patient
• CO 8. Follow the principle of professional ethics in the best interest of the patients in restoring and replacement of missing teeth
• CO 9. Develop an attitude to enhance the knowledge about scientific innovations in the subject such as digital interventions in replacing missing teeth, which will help to serve patients in an effective manner.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Knowledge and understanding:

• CO 1. Explain the scientific foundations on which dentistry based and good realization of various relevant scientific methods, principles of biological functions and be able to evaluate and analyse scientifically various established facts and data.
• CO 2. Describe the development, structure and function of the teeth, mouth and jaws and associated tissues both in health and disease and their relationship and effect on general state of health and also bearing on physical and social well-being of the patient.
• CO 3. Explain the preventive diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of dentistry.

Skills:

• CO 4. Demonstrate adequate clinical experience required for preventive diagnostic and therapeutic aspects to practice general dentistry
• CO 5. Diagnose and manage various common dental problems encountered in general dental practice keeping in mind the expectations and the right of the society to receive the best possible treatment available wherever possible.
• CO 6. Demonstrate skills to prevent and manage complications if encountered while carrying out various surgical and other procedures.
• CO 7. Demonstrate skill to carry out certain investigative procedures and ability to interpret laboratory findings.

Attitudes:

• CO 8. Willing to apply the current knowledge of dentistry in the best interest of the patients and the community.
• CO 9. Maintain a high standard of professional ethics and conduct and apply these in all aspects of professional life.
• CO 10. Seek to improve awareness and provide possible solutions for oral health problems and needs throughout the community.
• CO 11. Willingness to participate in the CDE Programmes to update the knowledge and professional skill from time to time.

Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1. Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, principles of diagnosis and management of common dentofacial and orthodontic problems
• CO 2. Discuss the critical analysis and evaluation of various concepts and views and to adopt the most rational approach

Skills:

• CO 3. Identify pernicious orofacial factors that may lead to malocclusion
• CO 4. Identify normal and abnormal growth pattern of jaws and dentition and to train the student for management with appliances
• CO 5. Develop a comprehensive treatment plan and deliver treatment

Attitude:

• CO 6. Apply the knowledge in the subject to the welfare of the society and to follow the principle of professional ethics in the best interest of the patient and do no harm to the patient and should play a pivotal role in enhancing the knowledge about scientific innovations in the subject which will help to serve patients in an effective manner

Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1. Describe the measures to manage, diagnose and treat pediatric dental patients.
• CO 2. Explain the behaviour management techniques for pediatric dental patients.
• CO 3. Describe the importance of milk tooth among the undergraduate students.

Skills:

• CO 4. Perform clinical examination of pediatric dental patients
• CO 5. Provide oral hygiene instructions and demonstrate brushing techniques to the pediatric dental patients.
• CO 6. Perform restorative procedures.
• CO 7. Fabricate space maintainers and habit breaking appliances.
• CO 8. Provide minimal chair side treatment for specially challenged children.
• CO 9. Perform preventive procedures such as sealants and fluoride application for pediatric dental patients.
• CO 10. Identify and differentiate between primary and permanent dentition and thereby arrive at the dental age of the child.
• CO 11. Interpret radiographs and diagnose the dental conditions.
• CO 12. Perform restorative procedures using Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC).

Attitude:

• CO 13. Apply the knowledge in the subject to the welfare of the society and to follow the principle of professional ethics in the best interest of the patient

Public Health Dentistry

Knowledge and Understanding:

• CO 1. Explain the aspects of public health and primary healthcare delivery in the community.
• CO 2. Describe the epidemiological methods involved in dental research.

Skills:

• CO 3. Plan and conduct field surveys effectively.
• CO 4. Address oral and dental problems with preventive measures at all levels
• CO 5. Educate the community about oral health and act as a social worker.
• CO 6. Provide instruction on oral hygiene practices and use of oral health products.
• CO 7. Evaluate oral health using scientific indices and understand the role of fluoride in dentistry.
• CO 8. Apply the epidemiological methods and design simple dental research.

Attitudes:

• CO 9. Apply knowledge to benefit the community while following professional ethics.
• CO 10. Develop an attitude to enhance knowledge about scientific innovations for effective patient service.
• CO 11. Participate in CDE programs, workshops, and government programs to promote oral health awareness.